Dara N. sulaiman
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Dara N. sulaiman Luhansk National Taras Shevchenko University. Department :biology_botany Primary succession on fallow agricultural landscapes of the steppe regions of Donetsk region. In modern conditions the problem of restoring land fallow land is highly relevant, and especially for such man-caused and agro-laden areas like Donetsk, Luhansk and Kharkiv region. The aim of our study was to determine the nature and mechanisms of primary succession processes on fallow lands of agrarian landscapes in the steppe regions of Donetsk region. The objectives of the research were to: identify the species and size of the plants on fallow lands, an analysis of himichaskogo of the arable layer of soil to determine the degree succession process and its factors. The studies were conducted during 2010 to 2011. on the total area of 2.4 hectares on the outskirts of g.Makeeevka routing method by collecting herbarium specimens and soil sampling for analysis. The site is a state farm field that is not processed within 6 years. The soil at the site - ordinary chernozem with topsoil horizon 30cm. Soil analysis was carried out at the Donetsk State oblasnom design and technology center of the soil fertility and quality of products as follows: humus - the method of Tyurin, nitrogen - Method Cornfield, phosphorus and potassium - Method Chirikov, pH was determined using rNmetra. Studies have found that in the arable horizon contains a reduced amount of nitrogen (85mg/kg soil), low - phosphorus (35mg/kg), the average - potassium (130 mg / kg), high - humus (3.44%); aqueous solution was slightly alkaline soil reaction (pH = 8.6). This chemical composition of the soil indicates the initial successional processes: the accumulation of organic matter in the form of humic acids. Low mineral content shows a weak microbiological activity of soil disturbed in the process of agricultural use. Floristic analysis showed the relative diversity: 31 species of vascular plants [1], of which 8 species clearly dominated (of which 1 - adventivy). The research results are shown in Table 1. Table 1. The species composition of vascular plant primary succession in a transformed agrolandscape (Neighborhood Makeevka Donetsk region) Number p / p Type of Procedure Family Ecological and geographical status of the population trend 1. Papaverales Papaveraceae Juss. Papaver rhoeas L. ADV SD Poppy Poppy Poppy Samoseiko 2. Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Juss. Otites media (Litv.) Klokov. Apo C Clove Gvozdikova ear flaps mean 3. Polygonales Polygonaceae Juss. Sporysheva (Buckwheat) Rumex crispus L. Apo SD Sporysheva (Buckwheat) Sorrel kinky 4. Capparales Brassicaceae Juss. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Apo C Kapersovye Cabbage Ikotnik gray 5. Capparales Brassicaceae Juss. Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. ADV SD Kapersovye Cabbage Kardariya krupkovidnaya 6. Fabales Fabaceae Lindl. Lotus ucrainicus Klokov. Apo E Legumes Legumes Lyadvenets Ukrainian 7. Fabales Fabaceae Lindl. Medicago procumbens Besser. Apo SD Legumes Legumes Alfalfa prostrate 8. Fabales Fabaceae Lindl. Medicago romanica Prodan. Apo E Legumes Legumes Alfalfa Romanian 9. Fabales Fabaceae Lindl. Securigera varia (L.) Lassen. Apo E Legumes Legumes Sekiroplodnik motley 10. Rhamnales Elaegnaceae Juss. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. ADV (an escape from the culture) with Zhosterovye Lokhov oleaster 11. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Centaurea adpressa Ledeb. Apo C Asteraceae Asteraceae Cornflower prizhatocheshuyny 12. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Centaurea diffusa Lam. ADV SD Asteraceae Asteraceae Cornflower spreading 13. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Achillea pannonica Scheele. Apo E Asteraceae Asteraceae Yarrow Pannonian 14. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Arctium lappa L. Apo C Asteraceae Asteraceae Noodle real 15. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Artemisia absinthium L. Apo E Asteraceae Asteraceae Wormwood 16. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Artemisia austriaca Jacq. Apo SD Asteraceae Asteraceae Artemisia Austrian 17. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Artemisia marschalliana Spreng. Apo SD Asteraceae Asteraceae Artemisia Marshall 18. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Carduus acanthoides L. From ADV Asteraceae Asteraceae Thistle akantovidny 19. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Cichorium intybus L. ADV D Asteraceae Asteraceae Common Chicory 20. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Onopordum acanthium L. From ADV Asteraceae Asteraceae thistle common 21. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Pilosella echioides (Lumn.) F. Schult. & Sch. Bip. Apo SD Asteraceae Asteraceae Yastrebinochka rumyankovidnaya 22. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Sonchus arvensis L. ADV SD Asteraceae Asteraceae weed field 23. Asterales Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl. Taraxacum officinale Wigg. Apo SD Asteraceae Asteraceae Dandelion 24. Boraginales Boraginaceae Juss. Echium vulgare L. Apo C Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Bruise ordinary 25. Lamiales Scrophulariaceae Juss. Verbascum lychnitis L. Apo C Fig-wort Yasnotkovye Mullen mealy 26. Lamiales Orobanchaceae Vent. Melempyrum argyrocomum Fisch. ex Koso-Pol. Apo E Yasnotkovye Zarazihovye Maryannik serebristopritsvetnikovy 27. Lamiales Lamiaceae Martinov Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. ex Usteri. Apo SD Yasnotkovye Yasnotkovye Motherwort pyatilopastnye 28. Lamiales Lamiaceae Martinov Salvia tesquicola Klokov & Pobed. Apo C Yasnotkovye Yasnotkovye Sage arid 29. Lamiales Lamiaceae Martinov Salvia verticillata L. Apo C Yasnotkovye Yasnotkovye Sage whorled 30. Lamiales Lamiaceae Martinov Stachys transsilvanica Schur. Apo C Yasnotkovye Yasnotkovye Chistets Transylvanian 31. Poales Poaceae Barnhart. Festuca valesiaca Gaud. Apo E Meadowgrass Meadowgrass fescue (fescue) vallisskaya Explanation of the table: ADV. - Adventive species, Apo - apofit, D - dominant species found everywhere abundantly, SD - subdominant species - forming local populations, and C - associated species, individual plants scattered throughout the studied area. Thus, in this studied area there are processes of primary accumulation of organic matter and restore the soil microflora (as evidenced by the high content of humus in the soil with low nitrogen content). Based on the species composition, we can talk about the process of naturalization, fallow land (which follows the stage of "weeds"). Anticipating further development of the succession suggests the formation of the fescue-wormwood phytocenosis (stabilization of the herbaceous stage of succession for the next 5 years). The author is grateful for the assistance in determining the head of the department of plant flora of the Donetsk Botanical Garden Ostapko VM References: 1. VM Ostapko Vascular plants of south-east of Ukraine / V.M.Ostapko, AV Boiko, SL Mosyakin. - Donetsk: Univ "Noulidzh", 2010, 247s. |