Pre-and perinatal pathology. Relevance of the topic
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Pre-and perinatal pathology. Relevance of the topic : Prenatal pathology is a pathology that develops after fertilization until birth. Perinatal pathology, pathology of the fetus from 155 days of gestation to 7 days after birth. The basis of prenatal pathology are gametopatii that lead to the development of hereditary fermentopathy, chromosomal diseases, miscarriages, blastopatii that cause vikidyshey, ectopic pregnancy, twin malformations; embriopatii, prnivodyaschie to congenital malformations of organs and systems, infectious and noninfectious fetopatii manifested by structural abnormalities at the tissue level and the development of obschepatologicheskih processes, including inflammation. Perinatal pathology includes both congenital and acquired in the early postnatal period, and birth trauma. Knowledge of pre-and perinatal pathology, causes, time of occurrence, morphological manifestations must be doctors of various specialties, not only because these processes are the cause of stillbirths and neonatal deaths, and may underlie diseases of adults, but also because it allows you to develop effective interventions for their prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment. ^ macroscopically recognize the major congenital malformations, provide reasons for the timing and mechanism of their origin, the value for the organism. Be able to identify macro-microscopic signs of asphyxia, pneumopathy, hemolytic disease of the newborn, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, cystic fibrosis, represent the reasons outcomes, value for the organism. Be able to macroscopically detect brain injury and hypoxic birth injury, represent causes, mechanisms of their development and outcomes.
To help you find out as to whether the initial level of your knowledge necessary, offer to execute several tasks. Assignments for self-knowledge, entry-level skills. Target number 1. The prenatal period is:
Task number 2. Progenezom said:
Task number 3. Kimatogenez includes periods:
Specifying № 4. Blastogenesis occurs:
Task number 5. Organogenesis occurs during:
Target number 6. Embryogenesis is carried out:
The correctness of problem solving test, comparing them with the standards of response. Standards of responses to meet the challenges for self-examination and self-knowledge, entry-level skills: 1-5; 2-1; 3-4, 4.1, 5.3, 6-2. Information necessary to replenish the necessary knowledge, skills can be found in the following literature:
The content of education should ensure that learning objectives which sposobstvyut graphs the logical structure of the theme: "Pre-and perinatal pathology" (Annex № 1 -) The basic theoretical issues on which you can do the task activities:
Books for learning-skills.
After studying the material on the subject for self-mastery of the material consists of the following targets: Target number 1. A newborn baby on ultrasound revealed a congenital heart defect, Fallot's triad. The development of this defect is a manifestation of:
Task number 2. The autopsy of the deceased on day 3 of life a newborn baby found in the brains of multiple cavities of different sizes, communicating with the ventricles. The observed changes are consistent with the diagnosis:
Task number 3. The autopsy revealed a stillborn child: cyanosis of the skin, mucous and serous membranes, internal organs, and point melkopyatnistye hemorrhages under the pleura, epicardium, thymus capsule, liquid blood in the cavities of the heart and blood vessels, airless lungs that do not meet the pleural cavity. The observed changes are characteristic:
Specifying № 4. Histologically, the lungs of premature infants who died at 4 days of life, identified multiple ribbonlike dense eosinophilic masses lining the inside respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. For a disease characterized by the described histological picture?
Task number 5. During the term of births complicated by prolapse of umbilical cord, developed acute intrauterine asphyxia. Resuscitation after birth, were ineffective. At autopsy, in addition to signs of asphyxia, drew the attention of the yellowness of the skin, enlarged liver and spleen, and histological examination of organs expressed erythroblastosis. What disease has occurred in the fetus?
Target number 6. A child born with symptoms of jaundice, anemia, bleeding sores on the skin, sudoragami. Through the day he died. Histological examination of the lungs, liver, kidney, salivary glands, brain revealed degenerative and necrotic changes, interstitial infiltrates of myeloid cells and erythroblasts, large cells with eccentrically located nucleus with acidophilic inclusions, surrounded by a rim of enlightenment. What disease was the child?
Target number 7. A newborn baby was operated on for intestinal obstruction. During the operation, found obturation bowel Micon viscous, compacted with kistoznorasshirennymi pancreatic duct. How does the disease have suffered child?
Target number 8. Grossly the brain dead newborn found multiple cysts foci of calcification, the phenomenon of microcephaly with moderate expansion of the ventricles, the pia mater sclerosis. For what zabalevaniya most characteristic changes observed?
Target number 9. A newborn child born from patologiicheskih childbirth, complicated by persistent weakness in the secondary labor, diagnosed with a massive hemorrhage in the posterior cranial fossa. The most likely cause of hemorrhage:
Methodical instructions for students on practical training on the topic: "Prenatal and perinatal pathology." In early studies on the standards of answers verified the correctness of the decision of homework. Then by the test control will be tested to prepare your lesson. You should independently examine the macro-micropreparations, solve situational problems. Congenital malformations in the study makropreparatah "anencephaly", "polycystic kidney disease. " At micropreparations study "hyaline membrane disease," "aspiration of amniotic fluid," "congenital ateleptaz light," "cytomegalovirus," "cystic fibrosis". It uses algorithms describe the macro-and micropreparations. Occupation comes to an end analysis of the results of independent work of each student by checking the description micropreparations, test control of learning. | |||||||||
