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V. N. Alexandrovskaya I. S. Ogorodnik I. V. Ryzhenko RELIGION STUDIES: Technique Guidelines for Practice Activities for 1-year students of the Stomatology Faculty Donetsk - 2009 Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine Gorky’s Donetsk National Medical University Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Humanities R Е L І G І O N S T U D I E S Technique Guidelines for Practice Activities for 1-year students of the Stomatology Faculty Donetsk – 2009 ББК 86. 3 я 73. УДК Р36 Religion Studies: Technique Guidelines for Practice Activities for the 1-year Students of Stomatology Faculty. – Donetsk: Gorky’s Donetsk National Medical University, 2009. - p. Technique guidelines are necessary for preparing for practice activities. They include importance of the subject, objective of the practice, theory topics, literature reference and internet links, tables, sample tests, new terms and summary of procedures of the class. By: V. N. Alexandrovskaya, Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Humanities of the Donetsk National Medical University (Subject 1) I. S. Ogorodnik, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Humanities of the Donetsk National Medical University. (Subject 7 – 9) I. V. Ryzhenko, teacher of the Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Humanities of the Donetsk National Medical University. (Subject 2 – 6) Readers: V. V. Yeshina, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Donetsk National Technical University; L. V. Buteva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Inspector of Teaching Methodological Commission of the Donetsk National Medical University Approved at the Academic Council of the Donetsk National Medical University (Minutes 7, October 22nd, 2009) © V. N. Alexandrovskaya, I. S. Ogorodnik, I. V. Ryzhenko © DNMU Subject 1 ^ Importance of the subject consists in treating religion as a part of complex development of every person, formation of his spiritual culture, choice of values in every-day life. As interaction result of cultural-historical, ethnic-natiomal levels of religious phenomenon analysis, all peculiarities of religion as a socio-historic phenomenon are shown. Religion refers to emotional world-view; it is based on different aspects of human activity, as students of medicine should be aware of all kinds of religious phenomenon display in there professional activity^General: To be able to formulate and choose value orientations in spiritual sphere for forming spiritual culture of students of medicine. Specific: To be able to:
^ www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu www.philosophypages.com ^ 1. Religion, studied by religion studies, is one of the components of the spiritual culture. Which from the listed below DOES NOT belong to the subject of religion studies?
2. All peculiarities of religion as a social phenomenon can be defined by essence definition of religion. In this case, essence definition of religion is scientific world view and… А. action on the basis of the science В. culture of people on the basis of ethics C world feeling D світогляд E relations between people on the bases of religion 3. Religious world view differs from other historic types of the world view. Characteristic features of religious world view are doubling of the world and…
4. There are definite reasons of religion appearance. Basic origins of religion existence are social, gnoseological and… ones.
5. Means of religion influence on the society are shown in religion functions. Which from the listed does not belong to religious functions? А. praxeological В integration-disintegration С communicative D world view E culture-interpreting ^ Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on existence of the different components of appearance and further development of religion studies are put. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. Subject 2 ^ Importance of the subject. Solving the problem of relion appearance has two approaches: theological and scientific. According to theological approach, person was created by the God and has a,ways benn with Him in the full entity. After the Fall this direct contact was lost. Religion is strives and actions of a person, aimed at renovation of the contact with the God. Another iterpretation of religion appearance is chaarcteristic of science. The problem of the supermnatural source of religion is not considered as the basic one in science. Science considers religion as an important component of culture and applies different scientific methods of research for studying the problem of its origin. The mankind has developed in the proces of evolution, religion has existed as an element of culture since homo sapiens exists. For understanding of culture, understanding of human activity is important, basically his socio-historic activity. Socio-historic activity is activity in the course of which consolidation and transferring of experience takes place. It is transferred from one individual to the other, from the previous generation to the next one, from one community to the other in the sign-symbol form. Studying of the primitive rekigions is based on different approaches. One of them consists in search of the so-called pra-religion, which was the beginning of other religions (muller, Durkheim). The problem on forming of polytheistic and monetheistic religious systems, national and state religions are also of great importance. Objectuves of the practice General: To be able to analyse different religious systems, methodology peculiarities connected with studying of religion. It gives possibility to consider religion in the context of different scientific researches and define role of religion and its affect on forming of medicine as a particular sphere of activity. Specific: To be able to: 1. analyse theological and scientific approaches to studying the problems of appearance, existence and development of religion. 2. interpret ideas on peculiarities of the primitive and early forms of religion. 3. interpret peculiarities of monotheism and polytheism, national, state and world religions among different religious systems. 4. generalise historical facts and sequence of Christianity taking root in Kievan Rus. CONTENTS Procedure sequence chart is given in Appendix 1. Theory topics:
^ www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu www.philosophypages.com ^ 1. Totemism is one of the primitive forms of religion. Its basic feature is…:
2. Animism is one of the primitive forms of religion. Its peculiar feature is…:
3. Fetishism is one of the primitive forms of religion. Its peculiar feature is…:
4. Magic is one of the primitive forms of religion. Its peculiar feature is…:
^ Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on existence of the different religions are put, their peculiaar features are distinguished. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. Subject 3 ^ Importance of the subject. Buddhism is considered either as a religious-philosophic system or as a religion without God, free-thinking, atheistic view of lots of people with different interests and views. As an oriental tradition, on the contrary with the western one,it gives preference to practice of the theory. Interest of the intellectual and spiritual elite in the spiritual heritage of the East (Buddhism in all his manifestations) is connected with the practice understanding of not only traditional theocentric activity but any other kind of activity which is carried out sincerely, unselfishly, dedication. Another person can be cognized not by means of logic, but being oriented at creativity: characteristic of arts related to aesthetics of post-modernism. And what is more important, these local sets of values are not opposed to values of other cultural and religious communities, but they give a chance for a dialogue of the different world views. ^ General: to analyse value orientations of the Buddhism which promote a dialogue of the different world views and do not contradict the values of other cultures and religions. Specific: To be able to:
^
^ http://bbc.co.uk http://www.cbc.ca/montreal/features/religion http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/buddhaintro.html http://www.religionfacts.com http://www.religioustolerance.org www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu www.philosophypages.com ^ 1. Buddhism is one of the world religions. Which country did Buddhism appeaar?
2. Buddhism world view is reperesented by the Noble Truths. Which from the listed truths determine the contests of Buddhism world view? А. - Nirvana В. - Jaina С.- Dharma Д - Lama Е - Mahayana 3. Every noble truth has its definition. What is “karma” according to Buddhism?
4. Every Buddhist can rescue himself if he goes by “Eightfold Middle Noble Path”. Which of the noble truths discloses essence of this path?
5. In the 1st century AD Buddhism was split into main schools. They are Hinayana, Mahayana and…
7. Western supporters of Buddhism (intelligent people, students, different youth organisations) bring up their ideas on the basis of one of the Buddhism schools. Such Buddhism school is…
^ Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on appearnce and further development of Buddhism are put. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. Subject 4 ^ Importance of the subject. Christianity has the greatest number of the followers. Due to this factor Christianity and its different schools is of great importance for the world culture. Appearance and development of Christianity, influnce of the social factors on the early Christianity is a set of questions, which must specify the direction consideration of the given topic. Studying the problems of Christinity taking root, it is necessary to distinguish the following periods of Christianity development: 1) Patristics (2nd – 8th century.), which can be divided into the early (2nd – 3d centuries.), so-called Apologetical Patristics (Origen); late Patristics (4th – 5th centuries), represented by – Gregory of Nyssa, Augustine of Hippo, Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite; 2) sholastics (Thomas Aquinas). Since the first centuries of Christianity existence, different sschools of the Christian church are formed. Two basic schools which oppose and contradict each other are Eastern or Bysantine Orthodox Church and Western or Roman Catholic church. Gradually, some contradictions were accumulated between these schools that led to the final split of Christianity into Orthodoxy and Catholicism in 1054. Knowledge of the cult peculiarities in Orthodoxy is very important, because Orthodoxy is the most spread denomination in Ukraine. ^ General: Analyse the facts of the historic formation of Christianity. Strengthening of Christianity as a new religious system is the most important aspect of the given topic. Specific: To be able to:
^
^ http://bbc.co.uk http://www.religionfacts.com http://www.religioustolerance.org http://www.cbc.ca/montreal/features/religion www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu www.philosophypages.com ^
^ Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on existence of Christianity in the early period and in the present days are put. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. Subject 5 ^ Importance of the subject. On the basis of its tenets, Catholicism has worked out a wide social doctrine, which represents the view of the official Vatican on problems of the modern society. This, in its turn, considers different sides of life not only of the church, but to great extent Catholics and faithful of the other confessions and churches. Catholicism gives its view on problems and proposes to define ways of solving these common to all mankind problems (moral-ethical crisis, enviroment problems, military self-destruction, medical expriments, international terrorism, etc.), while the leading role in this solving is given to the Catholic church. Protestantism set apart with its sects and main currents is promoting its dogma more and more actively, reforming its church, getting adjusted to new social-cultural conditions. It gives him an opportunity to use modern means of propaganda which leads to the growth of number of its followers, young people as a rule, and hold them away from real, social-political life. Such state makes a person obedient in the hands of the heads of different organisations, even being harful for human health some time. Objective knowledge of dogma and cult of Catholicism and Protestantism gives possibility to students to estimate them adequately for themselves as well as for communication with the patients belonging to different religious confessions ^ General: to be able to analyse objectively religious propaganda of Catholicism and Protestantism. Critical attitude tu such propaganda will give a possibility to protect oneself from its undesirable influence and add positive moments in the dialogue “doctor - patient” Specific: To be able to:
^
^ http://bbc.co.uk http://www.religionfacts.com http://www.religioustolerance.org http://www.cbc.ca/montreal/features/religion www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu www.philosophypages.com ^
^ Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on existence of Catholicism and Protestantism in the different periods of history of the mankind are put. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. Subject 6 ^ Importance of the subject. Studying of Bible gives opportunity to get acquainted to historic and cultural texts, analyse and compare them with the present time, see their foretelling role and existing contradictions. Comprehension of moral-ethical, social problematics of Bible is very important, because they have already been bearers of human essence for ages. Medical problems in Bible show history of formation and development of medical knowledge of different peoples in different periods of human history. ^ General: to be able to differentiate human and medical problematics from the religious contents. Students of medicine have an opportunity to see history of formation and and development of medical knowledge, compare them with modern problems. Specific: To be able to:
^
^ http://bbc.co.uk http://bible.org/ http://www.religionfacts.com http://www.religioustolerance.org www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu ^
3. As a historical monument, Bible was written in a definite historical period. Which one?
4. Bible is a sacred book of christians and Jews. Bible is…
5. Bible in Judaism in Christianity differ byits contents. Christian Bible is…
Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on appearance and translation of Bible are put. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. Subject 7 ISLAM Importance of the subject. Islam is the second by number world religion. Islam is practised by more than 900 million people in more than 120 countries of the world. Islam is recognised as the state religion in 28 countries of the world (Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Moroco, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, etc). Most of Muslims live in the coutries of West, South, South-East Asia ant North Africa. In Ukraine the foolowers of Islam form the second by number religion group. Islam is a young world religion. It appeared in the beginning of the 7th century in Arabian Peninsula. Appearance of Islam is subordinated to general laws of formation of the world religions. Islam appears on the basis of the tribal cult of cult of one of the most influential tribes in West Arabia named Quraysh. Proceeding from the fact that our country is visited by a number of Muslims. Moreover there are a lot of Islam followers in Ukraine, learning tenets and ethical norms of Islam is very important for students of medicine. ^ General: to teach students anlyse value norms of Islam which can lead to mutual understanding. Ethical and medical norms is a basis of communication of doctors and Muslim patients. Specific: To be able to:
^ http://bbc.co.uk http://www.religionfacts.com http://www.religioustolerance.org http://www.cbc.ca/montreal/features/religion www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu www.philosophypages.com ^
2. Beginning with definite events, the Muslims start new count of time. Muslim era begins in…
3. Islam has developed tenet, but ordinary muslims don’t discuss theory thesis in detail. The basis for muslims is…
4. All muslims have to pray every day. How many times?
5. As any other religion, Islam has its canonical text. It is…
^ Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on the history of appearance and essence of Islam are put. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. Subject 8 ^ Importance of the subject. Qur’an as a historical-cultural heritage furthers studying of mythology, religious dogma, matrimonial relations, law-making sources, scientific evidence and medical traditions which were being formed in patriarchal community are bases of development of all these spheres of human activity. Qur’an is a continuation of Talmud and Bible mythology. It reconsiders them, supplements them with the new contents and evidence that gives opportunity to lern muslim dogma, way of life, morals of personal rescue, as well as medical and scientific heritage better. ^ General: to differentiate specific Qur’an problematic from the religious contents. It gives opportunity to solve personal problems of a human being. Specific: To be able to:
^
^ http://bbc.co.uk/religion http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/quran http://www.religionfacts.com http://www.religioustolerance.org www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu ^ 1. The Qur’an is the Holy book of Islam. When was it written?
2. The Qur’an is divided into suras, which consist of ayats. How many suras are there in the Qur’an?
3. There is a sura in the Qur’an which plays the same role in Islam as the Lord’s Prayer. How is this sura called?
4. Creation of the world is one of the main problems described in the Qur’an. Who according to the Qur’an created the world?
5. The basic principles of morality in the Qur’an are connected with life of the separate person, but not mankind. Which from the listed principles is the main one?
^ Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on the existence of the Qur’an as the holy book of Islam are put. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. Subject 9 ^ Importance of the subject: Contemporary religious world is characterised from the one hand by strengthening of the traditional religions, on the other, by weakening of traditional approaches and as a consequence, by formation of not traditional religions and cults which have their own features and types. It is necessary to know not traditional religions, because a lot of them have totalitarian character, cause loss and damage to physical and mental health of a person. It is essential for future doctors, because they have to cure consequences of influence of such cults, to carry out rehabilitation measures and to be cautious while meeting such religons not to become victims themselves. Secularization, integration and dialogue between religions are necessary processes of historical development of the religious world, which can lead to integration or disintegration between religions. It’s important to understand that only humanism can be the basis of the dialogue on relationship of different religions. ^ General: to be able to differentiate totalitarian and neo-totalitarian neo-religions, relations based on dialogue and animosity. Doctors have to use proper methods of curing those diseases which were caused by the religious violence. Specific: To be able to:
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^ http://bbc.co.uk/religion http://www.religionfacts.com www.en.wikipedia.org www.iep.utm.edu ^ 1. Non-traditional religions appeared on the basis of traditional ones. When did it happen?
Е. – psychological
^ Form of the lesson is 2-hour practical class. The class is conducted according to the procedure sequence chart. In the beginning of the lesson, problem questions on the existence of different non-traditional religions in the modern religious world are put. The basis of studying process is working according to the plan of the practical class. Speakers make their reports on theory topics. Other students can give additional information, analyse it, make more exact. Opponents can put extra questions. After covering theory topics, conclusions are drawn. The teacher analysing reports, corrects and specifies them, points out mistakes. For consolidation of the topic, students write the final test. In the end of the lesson conclusions are drawn. APPENDIX Graphs of Logical Structure Subject 1: Religion as a socio-historical and spiritual phenomenon. Definition of religion ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() world-feeling world perception world view specific behaviour ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Bases of religion developmenthistorical social gnoseological psychological ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Religious system ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Religious conscience Religious activity Religious relations Religious institutes and organisations ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Religious culture ![]() Specific functions of religion ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() world view cognitive educational integration-disintegration culture-translating ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() spiritual world view of a person Subject 2: Origin of religion. Early forms of religion. Origin of religion Theological approach Scientific ideas ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Formation of the different religious systems ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Poly theism Mono theism ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Zoomor phism Mixed Anthropomorphism Developed forms of religion national state world ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Search of the common pra-religion Evolution of early forms of religion fetishism According to number of gods Features of similarity with gods veneration of the dead totemism animism magic ![]() ![]() Cultural-civilization development of religion ![]() Subject 3:Buddhism and Religions of East |