National University “Odessa Academy of Law”
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National University “Odessa Academy of Law”Test of English Task 1. Reading.Choose the answers you think fit best according to the text. You should spend about 30 minutes on this task. Noise Reduction The world ought to be a quieter place. Anti-noise has hit the marketplace. It means, for example, that refrigerators will no longer whine, vacuum cleaners no longer roar, and washing machines no longer rumble. It may even soon be possible to cancel out the low-frequency throb of the teenage stereo blasting its bass through the wall from the flat next door. Already Toshiba has introduced a silent refrigerator. Built into the fridge is a system that silences the hum of the motor by firing anti-noise at it. What is anti-noise? It is the exact opposite of a particular sound. It peaks when the other sound dips, and dips when the other sound wave peaks. The anti-sound is fired at the unwanted sound through a loudspeaker. The two waves cancel each other out, like ripples meeting each other on a pond. The rest is silence. There must, however, be a perfect match, otherwise you end up with double the din. Thus anti-noise has had to wait for the microprocessor in order to be effective. The microprocessor can monitor the unwanted sound and respond in milliseconds. A typical active noise cancellation system has been sold to a railway company in the United States. The company unloads grain from trains by using giant vacuum tubes. These tubes produce as much noise a jet taking off. After installing the system, the noise was reduced to the level of an air-conditioner's hum. Forty were installed, to the relief of Americans living near railway unloading points. In the aircraft industry, active noise cancellation is contributing to a revival in propeller-driven passenger aircraft, which passengers disliked because of their noise. The first test flight with an anti-noise system took off in 1989. The system has now move on from research to commercial development, with passengers likely to hear the benefits in a year or two. In the car industry, conventional mufflers generate back-pressure, which forces the engine to work harder. An active noise canceller removes the need for sound-absorbing chambers, and improves fuel consumption by as much as six per cent. From the point of view of saving fuel, car makers are keen to install the technology. It won't be long before silent washing machines, fridges and vacuum cleaners are in the High Street shops. Electrolux has signed an agreement to manufacture the technology which should be on the market by 1994. The trouble is, once you remove one noise, you become more aware of all the others. How will we be able to shut up the sparrows at five in the morning? 1. Which title best suits the passage? A. Towards a Quieter World. B. The Noise-Busters. C. A Better Life. D. Anti-Noise. ^ A. sold. B. installed. C. available. D. consumed. 3. On a pop recording, the bass emits a loud low-frequency A. beat. B. blast. C. boom. D. bang. 4. What anti-noise does is A. compensate for noise. B. react with noise. C. camouflage noise. D. neutralise noise. ^ A. the same wavelength. B. a completely different wavelength. C. a higher-frequency wavelength. D. a diametrically opposed wavelength. 6. What does the microprocessor do? A. It checks the sound. B. It records the sound. C. It responds to sound. D. It reacts to low frequencies. ^ A. comforted. B. consoled. C. enlivened. D. eased. 8. Because of anti-noise, propeller-driven aircraft are A. making a come-back. B. cropping up. C. being renovated. D. becoming fashionable. ^ A. make the streets quieter. B. reduce back-pressure. C. improve fuel consumption. D. remove the need for sound-absorbing chambers. Task 2. Use of English. Choose a, b, c or d to complete the sentences. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 1. ..… you please be quiet? I’m trying to read. a. should b. shall c. would d. can 2. He must ….. to Saint-Petersburg before. a. be b. been c. have been d. has been 3. Sue ….. be able to help them. a. might b. could c. should d. shall 4. I like both football and baseball but I prefer ..... . a. the last b. the latter c. the least 5. They’ve got ..... money than they need. a. less b. the least c. little 6. The more you know ..... you forget. So why study? a. more b. the most c. the more 7. I like decent people ..... serious ones. a. as much as b. as more as c. more 8. I have known Liz for years. She is ..... than her sister Jane. a. far more serious b. a bit serious c. not so serious 9. A cinema is a place where films ...... a. show b. are shown c. have been shown 10. Over 57 million students ..... in American schools which range from kindergartens to high schools. a. were enrolled b. are enrolled c. has been enrolled 11. The room ..... later. a. will clean b. will be cleaned c. has been cleaned 12. Our plan ..... by the members of the committee. a. considers b. is being considered c. is considered 13. A decision ..... until the next meeting. a. has not been made b. will not made c. will not be made 14. People ..... this road very often. a. aren't used b. don't use c. haven't used 15. America's first college, Harvard, ..... in Massachusetts in 1636. a. is being founded b. had been founded c. was founded 16. Everybody ..... by the terrible news yesterday. a. shocked b. was shocked c. is shocking 17. Weekends ..... outdoors by most English people. a. spend b. are spended c. are spent 18. A famous architect ..... the bridge. a. was built b. built c. have built 19. Local police ..... the bank robber. a. have been arrested b. have arrested c. was arrested 20. The five great lakes of the world ..... in Michigan. a. can find b. can be found c. can found Task 3. Writing. You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: In some countries young people have little leisure time and are under a lot of pressure to work hard in their studies. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. |
