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69. /Тopic 66.doc | Risk assessment methodology in epidemiological research learning objective
Annotation to the manual for practical lessons «Hygiene and ecology»
List of abbreviations
Hygiene and Ecology
Topic №65 student’s educational and research work result conference
Topic №63 water and water supply hygiene in tropical climate conditions
Topic №64 hygienic, toxicological and epidemiological peculiarities of nutrition in tropical regions
Topic №60 occupational hygiene of military personnel during Maintenance of objects, equipment and radar stationS
Topic №61 concluding lesson on section «hygiene of emergency situations» Learning objective
Hygienic assessment of tropic climate influence on living conditions, work capacity and population health
Organization and carrying out of sanitary inspection of labour conditions of rescuers who eliminate consequences of emergency situations learning objective
Organization and carrying out of sanitary inspection of water purification, disinfection and decontamination in field conditions during emergencies learning objective
Water supply sources during emergency situations. Water quality assessment using field study methods learning objective
Topic №56 organization and carrying out of the food medical examination during emergency situations using basic means
Organization and carrying out of sanitary inspection on adequacy and safety of food for rescue teams and civil units during emergency situations learning objective
Тopic №54 organization and sanitary inspection of field location of rescue units during emergency situations
Topic №53 concluding lesson on sections «hygiene of patient care institutions», «radiation hygiene», «Personal hygiene» and «Psychohygiene»
Topic №52 scientific backgrounds of medical biorhythmology and chronohygiene
Topic №51 psycho-hygienic basics of the daily activity optimization
Topic №50 hygienic assessment of the fabric and the everyday, working and hospital clothing
Topic №49 healthy life-style and personal Hygiene. Hygienic assessment of washing agents and bath-houses
Hygienic assessment of radiation protection of personnel and radiation safety of patients during using of radioactive nuclides and other sources of ionizing radiation in patient care institutions learning objective
Topic №46 methods and ways of radiation control and antiradiation protection of those working with sources of ionizing radiation and population in places of their habitation
Topic №47 calculation methods of assessment of radiation hazard and characteristics of protection from external radiation
Topic №45 Hygienic assessment of the patients’ stay and medical personnel labour hygiene at patient care institutions
Hygiene of children and adolescents learning objective
Topic №44 hygienic assessment of location and planning of some structural hospital divisions according to the project materials
Method of hygienic control of organization of the physical and labour training of children and adolescents. Medical and occupational consultation and medical occupational selection of adolescents in schools and outpatient departments learning objective
Method of the chemical and physical examination of children goods (toys and books)
Тopic №39 methods of hygienic assessment of equipment and maintenance of educational establishments for children and adolescents
Methods of studying of age, psychological and physiological peculiarities of the oraganism of children and adolescents. Hygienic assessment of day regimen, training and education of different age pupils learning objective
1. Learning objective
Topic №37 concluding lesson on section «hygiene of labour»
1. Learning objective
Methods of investigation of occupational diseases and poisonings cases learning objective
Topic №34 medicAl AnD sanitary Centers and medical posts of industrial enterpriSes, preventive direction of their work
Topic №33 methods of hygienic assessment of noise and vibtration learning objective
Topic №32 Hygienic assessment of work intensity and tension for the overwork prevention and increase of working capacity
Тopic №29 methods of investigation of the food poisoning cases
Тopic №30 concluding lesson on section «hygiene of nutrition»
Topic №31 method of hygienic assessment of dangerous and harmful factors of the industrial environment and organism response to their impact. SanItary legislation on labour protection
Тopic №28 methods of expert assessment of food products and ready meals according to their laboratory analyses
Тopic №26 method of assessment of nutrition adequacy in organized collectives using the menu-schedule
Topic №27 The Nutrition peculiarities of people of different age groups and occupations, sportsmen, patients in the hospital and health-improving institutions (seminar)
Тopic №25 methods of calculation of the energy expenditure by the human body and its requirements in nutrients
Procedure of calculation of the integral health index and assessment of quantitative indices of the population health level in connection with the environment impact learning objective
Topic №22 concluding lesson on Section «municipal hygiene»
Topic №23 the human nutritional status research and assessment methods
Тopic №24 methods of medical control of vitamin sufficiency
Principles of methodology, technique and basic assessment scheme of the environmental factors impact on population health learning objective
Method of the monitoring area selection. Methods of complex hygienic assessment of the environment state learning objective
Topic №18 method of hygienic assessment of soil according to sanitary examination of the land parcel and results of laboratory analysis of samples
Тopic №14 general methods of the regular sanitary inspection. Methods of sanitary and hygienic inspection of the object
Тopic №15 concluding lesson on section «general questions of hygiene» Learning objective
Topic №16
Topic №17 method of hygienic assessmetn of drinking water according to results of the sanitary inspection of water supply systems and resuls of laboratory analysis of samples
Methods of determination and hygienic assessment of the dust content in the air
Тopic №13 Basics of the preventive sanitary inspection
Тopic 9 methods of hygienic assessment of climate and weather conditions and their influence on human health
Тopic №10 methods of sanitary and chemical analysis of the indoor air and its hygienic assessment
Methods of determination of со
Тopic 8 methods of hygienic assessment of complex effects of the microclimate on the human heat exchange
Method of determination and hygienic assessment of the air movement direction and speed
Тopic №6 Method of determination of temperature and humidity conditions indoors and their hygienic assessment
Topic №5 methods of determination and hygienic assessment of artificial illumination in different premises
Тopic №2 methods of determination of intensity and preventive dose of the ultraviolet radiATiON
Тopic №3 usage of the ultraviolet radiation for the disease prevention and air sanation
Topic №4 methods of determination and hygienic assessment of natural lighting in different premises
Topic №1 introductory lesson. Methods of hygienic research. Organization of student’s educational and research work (serw)
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Topic № 1
INTRODUCTORY LESSON. METHODS OF HYGIENIC RESEARCH. ORGANIZATION OF STUDENT’S EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH WORK (SERW)
1. Learning objective
1.1. Master the knowledge about the hygiene as a science and the sanitation, their goals, tasks, components, significance of hygienic knowledge for doctors of different profile.
1.2. Learn the classification of hygienic methods and the facilities of the research of the environment and its influence on organism and health.
1.3. Get acquainted with the structure of Sanitary and Epidemiologic Service of Ukraine, ways and methods of the public health protection, disease prevention.
1.4. Get acquainted with the procedure and topics of the students’ educational and research work, to assign the topic for each student.
2. Basics
2.1. You should know:
2.1.1. A concept of «prophylaxis» as one of basics of medicine, the hygiene and the sanitation as its components.
2.1.2. Basic concepts, methods and research facilities from physics, chemistry, biology, microbiology, physiology and other preceding courses which are used in research of environmental factors and their influence on human health.
2.1.3. Basics of the mathematical processing of medico-biological research results.
2.2. You should have the following skills:
2.2.1. The physical, chemical and bacteriological measuring of environmental objects and their influence on an organism.
2.2.2. Using the computers or calculators during the statistical processing of the results of hygienic researches.
3. Self-training questions
3.1. Prophylaxis as the main principle of public health protection. Public and individual prophylaxis; the primary, secondary and tertiary prophylaxis.
3.2. The hygiene as a scientific discipline, its purpose, tasks, essence.
3.3. Methods of hygienic research, their classification, description.
3.4. Methods of the environment inspection (sanitary inspection and description; organoleptic, physical, chemical, bacteriological methods, their essence and usage in hygiene study).
3.5. Methods of research of the environmental influence on the human health (experimental physiological, biochemical, histological, histochemical, haematological, toxicological, natural experiment methods, clinical).
3.6. Setting of hygienic norms and regulations as a basis of environment and public health protection, its objects and types.
3.7. Distinctive features of setting of norms and regulations for natural environmental factors, and anthropogenic factors.
3.8. Principles of the hygienic norm and regulation setting, organizations, responsible for that. Sanitary and legal legislation on the environment and public health protection.
3.9. Sanitation as a practical application of hygienic regulations and sanitary norms and rules, its use in work of health-officers and doctors of other specialties.
3.10. Structure of the Sanitary and Epidemiologic Service of Ukraine. State and local sanitary control, preventive and regular sanitary control.
3.11. Structure of the Sanitary and Epidemiologic Stations of different subordination levels (regional, city, district, departmental), their tasks, forms of their work.
Structure of the lesson
This is the seminar. At the beginning of the lesson a written (or a computer-based) test is performed to control the initial level of students’ knowledge. For this purpose, 10 questions are offered for students. They include basic knowledge from different subjects studied before the course of hygiene, which are used in hygienic research.
The definitions of ”hygiene”, “sanitation”, their objectives, tasks, classification of methods, ways of reaching the objectives and fulfilling tasks are considered in details in the main part of the lesson. The students get acquainted with devices and equipment required for the hygienic research, learn the structure of Sanitary and Epidemiological Service in Ukraine, structure of sanitary and epidemiological station, forms of sanitary inspection – preventive and regular (see appendix 2).
During the break the tutor presents to students the Chair, its history, directions to scientific research, profile scientific laboratories.
After that the tutor informs the students about the order of the protocol registration and the order for working off the missed lessons.
At this lesson the students receive the topic for their educational and research work (may be either a report or an experimental research). The list of recommended topics and the instructions for the paperwork, necessary for the SERW are covered in appendix 3.
5. Literature
5.1. Principal:
5.1.1. Загальна гігієна. Пропедевтика гігієни. / Є.Г. Гончарук, Ю.І. Кундієв, В.Г. Бардов та ін. / За ред. Є.Г. Гончарука. – К.: Вища школа, 1995. – С. 48-87; 138-142; 507-530.
5.1.2. Общая гигиена. Пропедевтика гигиены. / Е.И.Гончарук, Ю.И. Кундиев, В.Г. Бардов и др. – К.: Вища школа, 2000 – С. 8-96; 155-161; 593-624.
5.1.3. Даценко І.І., Габович Р.Д. Профілактична медицина. Загальна гігієна з основами екології. 2-ге вид. – К.: Здоров’я, 2004 – С. 14-74.
5.1.4. Даценко І.І., Габович Р.Д. Основи загальної та тропічної гігієни. – К.: Здоровя, 1995 – С. 6-11.
5.1.5. Габович Р.Д., Познанский С.С., Шахбазян Р.Х. Гигиена. – К.: Вища школа, 1983. – с. 5-11.
5.1.6. Даценко І.І. та інші. Загальна гігієна: Посібник для практичних занять. /За ред. І.І. Даценко. – Львів: Світ, 2001. – 472 с.
5.2. additional:
5.2.1. Минх А.А. Методы гигиенических исследований. – М.: Медицина, 1971 – С. 584.
5.2.2. Даценко І.І. Гігієна та екологія людини. Навчальний посібник. – Львів: “Афіша”, 2000. – 247с.
5.2.3. Бардов В.Г., Сергета І.В. Загальна гігієна та екологія людини. (Навчальний посібник). – Вінниця: „Нова книга”, 2002. – 216 с.
6. Equipment required for the lesson
1. Devices for physical factors measuring (thermometers, psychrometers, anemometers, luxmeters, noise dosimeters, dosimeters, radiometers).
2. Devices and equipment for chemical research methods (photoelectrocolorimeter, reagent samples, chemical dishes etc.).
3. Devices for bacteriological analysis (Krotov’s device, microscopes etc.).
4. Devices for physiological-hygienic research (Gorbachov’s biodosimeter, adaptometer, audiometer, ergograph etc.).
ORDER OF THE LESSON PROTOCOL REGISTGATION
1. While preparing for the lesson the students write down the following information from the "Practical lesson textbook":
date_______________
Protocol N____________
Topic of the lesson:
Objective of the lesson:
Basic knowledge and skills (to know __________, to have skill__________)
Solution of the self-training assignments.
At a practical lesson
The student writes the answers to the theoretic questions considered during the lesson down in the protocol.
Furthermore the student must write down the following information in the laboratory lesson:
- methods of the laboratory research;
- the results of the studies;
- necessary calculations;
- conclusions and recommendations.
3. The student draws instruments, nomograms, diagrams (or copies them and sticks into the protocol with the glue) used in the lesson.
THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED AT THE FINAL COURSE EXAMINATION
The protocol copy-book;
The abstract or the scientific report on SERW;
The report of the object inspection (a residential house, a hospice etc.);
The report on missed lectures (or the document confirming the illness, donorship etc.).
Appendix 1
1. The list of questions on medical biology, biophysics and chemistry.
The definition of "the biosphere", its structure and components. The definition of “the noosphere” by V.I. Vernadsky.
The definition of "the external environment", "the environment" and their elements. The definition of “the ecology”, questions covered by this subject. Ecological factors.
1.3. Forms of biotic relationships and the circle of matters in the nature, Newton’s laws, laws of the thermodynamics.
1.4. The classification of physical, chemical, biological environmental factors.
1.5. The characteristic of devices which are used for the measurement of physical environmental factors. The influence of physical environmental factors on organism.
1.6. The definition of "volumetric chemical analysis" and types of titrated chemical solutions.
1.7. The units of the "SI" (International System of Units) and their usage in medicine.
The definition of "the cybernetic system", modern electronic computing systems, their usage for statistic research.
2. The list of questions on the normal physiology, bioinorganic, colloid and bioorganic chemistry, microbiology with virology and immunology.
The main indices of the respiratory system: vital capacity, minute volume and respiratory rate in calm conditions, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in inhaled and exhaled air.
The main indices of the blood-system: blood volume, blood plasma volume, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leucocyte, T- and B- lymphocytes and other formed elements concentration in blood, hematocrit (packed cell volume=PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) etc..
The main indices of the cardiovascular activity: heartbeat rate in calm conditions, systolic and minute volume blood, maximum and minimum blood pressure etc.
Functions of the visual analyzer, the sound frequencies, that the human ear is capable to perceive, organoleptic feeling of the taste analyzer.
The drinking water, air microorganism pollution factors (microbial number, coli-index, coli-title etc).
Physical factors and chemical composition of urine: relative density, pH, concentration of protein, nitrogen, sugar, acetone, ketone bodies, urobilin, bilirubin and etc.
2.7. The biochemical composition of the blood: concentration of protein and protein fractions, lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, ά-, β-lipoproteins, glycogen, sugar, acetone etc.
2.8. Functions of nutrient substances in human body: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, their caloric value, vitamins, macro- and microelements, stimulation of digestion (flavouring substances).
3. The list of questions on pharmacology, pathological physiology,
propaedeutics of internal illnesses
3.1. The definitions of "health", "illness", "aetiology", "pathogenesis" of diseases, modern classification of diseases (nosology).
3.2. The definition of "aetiological factors", their classification. Aetiological risk factors.
3.3. The definitions of "pathological", "premorbid" condition, "pathological process". The main stages of illness development and terminal conditions.
3.4. Physiological changes in organism in the low and high atmospheric pressure conditions.
3.5. Heat regulation mechanisms due to which the healthy human body temperature is constant. How these mechanisms change in hot and cold microclimate conditions.
3.6. Modern theories of the physical and emotional fatigue and overfatigue which are developed during physical activity and emotional pressure.
3.7. Stress as an organism reaction to the negative influence of environmental factors.
3.8. The signs of the most frequently occurred hypovitaminosis and avitaminosis due to the malnutrition and among children.
3.9. Classification of pharmaceutical means used in preventive medicine (immune, protective, stimulating, disinfectant etc.).
Appendix 2
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