2. 0 Нормальна анатомія
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2.0 Нормальна анатомія 1 A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of while color and 5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal folds achromic ovums of unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is parasiting on the child? A Enterobins vermicularis B Ancylostoma duodenalis C Trichuris D Trichina E Ascaris lumbricoides 2 A patient has been brought to the hospital with the complaints of headache, pain in left hypochondrium. He has been ill for 1,5 weeks. The sudden illness began with the increase of body temperature up to 39,9oC. In 3 hours the temperature decreased and hydropoiesis began. The attacks repeat rhythmically in 48 hours. The patient had visited one an African country. The doctors have suspected malaria. What method of laboratory diagnostics is necessary to use? A Blood examination B Immunological tests C Stool examination D Examination of vaginal and urethral discharge E Urine examination 3 Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns of length have been revealed in a man's feces. The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a little bit narrowed forward and wide round shaped back end. On the forward end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are two nucleuses and two short vacuoles. For whom are the described attributes typical? A Balantidium B Lamblia C Dysenteric amoeba D Trichomonas E Intestinal amoeba 4 A patient in three weeks after acute myocardial infarction has pain in the heart and joints and pneumonia. What is the main mechanism of development of post-infarction Dressler’s syndrome? A Autoimmune inflammation B Ischemia of myocardium C Resorption of enzymes from necrotized area of myocardium D Secondary infection E Vessels ' thrombosis 5 During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus large arterial (Botallo's) duct is functioning which converts into lig. arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect between each other? A Pulmonary trunk and aorta B Right and left auricle C Aorta and inferior vena cava D Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava E Aorta and superior vena cava 6 Young man felt sharp pain in the back during active tightening on the horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving of upper extremity, limited pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle is presented? A М. latissimus dorsi B М. levator scapulae C М. romboideus major D М. trapezius E М. subscapularis 7 Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect? A Tonsilla pharyngea B Tonsilla palatina C Tonsilla lingualis D Tonsilla tubaria E All above mentioned tonsils 8 In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery: A Sinister colic B Median colic C Dexter colic D Ileocolic E Superior mesenteric artery 9 Three separate bones connected with cartilage in the area of pelvis cavity are noticed on the X-ray of the pelvis. What are these bones? A Iliac, pubic, sciatic B Pubic, sciatic, femoral C Sciatic, femoral, sacral D Iliac, sacral, coccyx E Sacral, pubic, coccyx 10 A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures' disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes? A Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window B Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema C Eustachian tube D Muscles of middle ear E Tympanic membrane 11 The alveolar ventilation of the patient is 5 L/min, the breath frequency is 10 per/min, and the tidal volume is 700 ml. What is the patient's dead space ventilation? A 2,0 L/min B 0,7 L/min C 1,0 L/min D 4,3 L/min E - 12 During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted? A Tr. pyramidalis B Tr. frontothalamicus C Тr. thalamocorticalis D Tr. frontopontinus E Tr. parietooccipitopontinus 13 Only one factor can influence the charge of amino acid radicals in the active centre of enzyme. Name this factor: A pH medium B Pressure C Temperature D The presence of a competitive inhibitor E The surplus of a product 14 Succinate dehydrogenase catalyses the dehydrogenation of succinate. Malonic acid HOOC-CH2-COOH is used to interrupt the action of this enzyme. Choose the inhibition type: A Competitive B Allosteric C Non-competitive D Limited proteolysis E Dephosphorylation 15 The gluconeogenesis is activated in the liver after intensive physical trainings .What substance is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all in this case: A Lactate B Pyruvate C Glucose D Glutamate E Alanine 16 A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care. What formation of abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into? A Antegastrial bursa B Omental bursa C Hepatic bursa D Left mesenteric sinus E Right mesenteric sinus 17 A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the preparation was withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease aggravation, decreased blood pressure and weakness. What is the reason of this condition? A Appearance of adrenal insufficiency B Hyperproduction of ACTH C Sensibilization D Habituation E Cumulation 18 A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied with intermittent claudication. What artery occlusion should be suspected? A Popliteal artery B Peroneal artery C Posterior tibial artery D Anterior tibial artery E Proximal part of femoral artery 19 A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The accumulation of what compound in the skin can cause it? A Uroporphyrinogen 1 B Protoporphyrin C Uroporphyrinogen 2 D Coproporphyrinogen 3 E Heme 20 A patient has a malignisation of thoracic part of esophagus. What lymphatic nodes are regional for this organ? A Anulus lymphaticus cardiae B Nodi lymphatici paratrachealis C Nodi lymphatici prevertebralis D Nodi lymphatici pericardiales laterales E Nodi lymphatici mediastinales posteriores 21 The patient has come to the hospital from the smelting workshop in the condition of hyperthermia. What is the direct cause of loss of consciousness at the heat stroke? A Decreased brain blood supply B Arterial pressure drop C Increased water loss through sweating D Decrease of heart output E Dilatation of peripheral vessels 22 A patient's blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR? A Polycytemia B Hepatitis C Splenomegaly D Vitamin B deficiency E Myocardial infarction 23 A 55-year-old patien was hospitalized in result of the trauma of the medial group of femoral muscles. What kind of movements is the patient unable to do? A Adduction of femur B Abduction of femur C Flexion of femur D Extension of femur E Suppination of femur 24 A mother of a newborn complains of her baby's constant belching with undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of? A Esophageal atresia B Labium leporium C Faux lupinum D Anal atresia E Esophageal fistula 25 During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the duodenum and the disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part of duodenum were the problems found? A Descendent part B Ascendant part C Bulb D Upper horizontal part E Lower horizontal part 26 A 18-year-old patient came to the out-patient department with the complaints of bleeding trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injure of the mucous layer of the vestibule without continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper? A Nasal limen B Nasal roller C Nasal septa D Choanes E Nostrils 27 A 32-year-old patient has been diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of Bartholin's glands ). In what part of the female urogenital system are the Bartholin's glands located? A The labia major B The labia minor C The clitoris D The vagina E The uterus 28 A 50 year-old patient had hemorrhage of the brain and was taken to the hospital. The place of hemorrhage was revealed on the lateral hemispheres surfaces during the medical examination. What artety was injured ? A The middle cerebral artery B The anterior cerebral artery C The posterior cerebral artery D The anterior communicating artery E The posterior communicating artery 29 A 30-year-old patient was hospitalized due to bleeding of the facial artery . What place on the face has to be pressed to stop bleeding? A The mandible’s edge B The mental process C The mandible’s branch D The nose’s back E The molar bone 30 A 19 year-old patient was diagnosed with appendicitis and was hospitalized. The surgical operation on ablating appendix vermiformis is to be performed. What artery must be fixed to stop bleeding during the surgical operation? A The ileocolic artery B The colica dextra C The colica media D The colica sinistra E The iliac 31 A 45-year-old man fell on the right knee and felt the acute pain in the joint. On examination: severe edema on the anterior surface of the knee joint. Crunching sounds are heard while moving the joint. Which bone is destroyed? A Knee-cap B Neck of the thigh bone C Left epicondyle of the thigh D Right epicondyle of the thigh E Head of the thigh bone 32 During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year-old child her ligament was damaged which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged? A The head of the thigh B Perpendicular of the acetabule C Iliofemoral D Pubofemoral E Ischiofemoral 33 A 6-year-old child fell on the cutting object and traumatized soft tissues between tibia and fibula . What kind of bone connection was injured? A Membrane B Suture C Ligament D Fontanel E Gomphosis 34 Usually the intravenous injection is done into median cubital vein because it is slightly movable due to fixation by the soft tissues. What does it fix in the cubital fossa? A Aponeurosis of biceps muscle B Tendon of the triceps muscle C Brachial muscle D Brachioradial muscle E Anconeus muscle 35 Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma? A Ulnar B Radial C Musculocutaneous nerve D Cardiac cutaneous nerve E Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm 36 A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to be? A Vena porta B Aorta abdominalis C Vena hepatica D Vena cava superior E Vena cava inferior 37 Examination of a 2-year-old child revealed physical developmental lag, the child often has pneumonias. The child was diagnosed with nonclosure of ductus arteriosus. Haemodynamics disorder was caused by the intercommunication of the following vessels: A Aorta and pulmonary trunk B Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins C Superior cava and aorta D Superior cava and pulmonary trunk E Aorta and pulmonary veins 38 A 5-year-old child was admitted to the otorhinolaryngological department with diagnosis - suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Disease started from the inflammation of the nasopharynx. Through the what canal of the temporal bone did the infection get into the tympanic cavity? A Musculortubal canal B Tympanic Canaliculus tympanicus C Carotid canal D Canaliculus chordal tympani E Canaliculi caroticotympanici 39 Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through? A Posterior B Anterior C Medial D Lateral E Superior 40 A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss, excessive sweating, exophtalmos and irritability. What hormone would you expect to find elevated in her serum? A Thyroxine B Cortisol C Mineralocorticoids D ACTH E Insulin 41 A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with hypothalamic lateral nuclei stroke. What changes in patient’s behavior may be expected? A The rejection of food B Aggressive behaviour C Depression D Thirst E Unsatisfied hunger 42 The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important? A Rest potential of cardiomyocytes B Heart temperature C Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels D Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils E Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels 43 It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected inflammation of brain tunics. Diagnostic puncture was performed between the arches of the lumbar vertebras. During the puncture the needle went through the following ligament: A Yellow (flaval) B Iliolumbar C Anterior longitudinal D Posterior longitudinal E Intertransverse 44 Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous base: A Dihydrouracil B Uracil C Cysteine D Adenine E Cytosine 45 Obturative jaundice developed in a 60-year-old patient because of malignant tumour of the big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what anatomical structure is squeezed with tumour? A Hepatopancreatic ampulla B Cystic duct C Common hepatic duct D Right hepatic duct E Left hepatic duct |
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